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MTU is sometimes used to describe the maximum PDU sizes in communication layers other than the network layer. Cisco Systems and MikroTik use L2 MTU for the maximum frame size. [18] [19] Dell/Force10 use MTU for the maximum frame size. [20] Hewlett-Packard used just MTU for the maximum frame size including the optional IEEE 802.1Q tag. [21]
The TCP should ask the IP for the Maximum Datagram Data Size (MDDS). This is the MTU minus the IP header length (MDDS = MTU − IPHdrLen). When opening a connection, TCP can send an MSS option with the value equal to: MDDS − TCPHdrLen. In other words, the MSS value to send is: MSS = MTU − TCPHdrLen − IPHdrLen
Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) is a standardized technique in computer networking for determining the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size on the network path between two Internet Protocol (IP) hosts, usually with the goal of avoiding IP fragmentation.
The option value is derived from the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of the data link layer of the networks to which the sender and receiver are directly attached. TCP senders can use path MTU discovery to infer the minimum MTU along the network path between the sender and receiver, and use this to dynamically adjust the MSS to avoid IP ...
The frame size used by an end-to-end connection is typically limited by the lowest frame size in intermediate links. 802.5 Token Ring can support frames with a 4464-byte MTU , FDDI can transport 4352-byte, ATM 9180-byte and 802.11 can transport 7935-byte MTUs.
The limitation caused by window size can be calculated as follows: T h r o u g h p u t ≤ R W I N R T T {\displaystyle \mathrm {Throughput} \leq {\frac {\mathrm {RWIN} }{\mathrm {RTT} }}\,\!} where RWIN is the TCP Receive Window and RTT is the round-trip time for the path.
In contrast to IPv4, routers do not fragment IPv6 packets larger than the maximum transmission unit (MTU), it is the sole responsibility of the originating node. A minimum MTU of 1,280 octets is mandated by IPv6, but hosts are "strongly recommended" to use Path MTU Discovery to take advantage of MTUs greater than the minimum. [1]
Many Linux distributions have deprecated the use of ifconfig and route in favor of the software suite iproute2, such as ArchLinux [3] or RHEL since version 7, [4] which has been available since 1999 for Linux 2.2. [5] iproute2 includes support for all common functions of ifconfig(8), route(8), arp(8) and netstat(1). It also includes multicast ...