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Khat (Catha edulis), also known as Bushman's tea, especially in South Africa, is a flowering plant native to eastern and southeastern Africa. [2] It has a history of cultivation originating in the Harar area (present day eastern Ethiopia) and subsequently introduced at different times to countries nearby in East Africa and Southern Arabia, most notably Yemen. [3]
Cathinone (/ ˈ k æ θ ɪ n oʊ n /; also known as β-ketoamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine, methcathinone and other amphetamines.
Some of amphetamine's substituted derivatives occur in nature, for example in the leaves of Ephedra and khat plants. [1] Amphetamine was first produced at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s, amphetamine and some of its derivative compounds found use as decongestants in the symptomatic treatment of colds and also occasionally as ...
Cathine, also known as D-norpseudoephedrine or as (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine groups which acts as a stimulant. Along with cathinone, it is found naturally in Catha edulis (khat), and contributes to the overall effects of the plant. [3] Cathine has approximately 7 to 10% of the potency of ...
The study’s findings were based on insurance claims data from more than 9.1 million adults with private health insurance from Oct. 1, 2019 to Dec. 21, 2020.
β-Hydroxyamphetamines have increased hydrophilicity and lower lipophilicity relative to their amphetamine counterparts owing to their β-hydroxyl group. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] For comparison, the predicted log P (XLogP3) of amphetamine is 1.8, [ 15 ] of β-hydroxyamphetamine is 0.8, [ 16 ] and of cathinone is 1.1. [ 17 ]
Khat is a flowering plant native to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. [163] [164] Khat contains a monoamine alkaloid called cathinone, a "keto-amphetamine". This alkaloid causes excitement, loss of appetite, and euphoria.
Khat may cause a feeling of invincibility and an increased tendency of violent behavior. As a result, its use is popular among combatants in countries where its use is traditional, such as Somalia and Yemen, and it is considered a contributing factor to violent conflicts in these countries.