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TCEP is often used as a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds within and between proteins as a preparatory step for gel electrophoresis.. Compared to the other two most common agents used for this purpose (dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol), TCEP has the advantages of being odorless, a more powerful reducing agent, an irreversible reducing agent (in the sense that TCEP does not ...
2-Mercaptoethanol is often used interchangeably with dithiothreitol (DTT) or the odorless tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) in biological applications. Although 2-mercaptoethanol has a higher volatility than DTT, it is more stable: 2-mercaptoethanol's half-life is more than 100 hours at pH 6.5 and 4 hours at pH 8.5; DTT's half-life is 40 ...
(2S)-2-Amino-1,4-dimercaptobutane (dithiobutylamine or DTBA), a related dithiol reducing agent, somewhat overcomes this limitation of DTT. [5] Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine ( TCEP ) is an alternative reducing agent that is more stable and effective at low pH, but it is bulky and reduces cystines in folded proteins only slowly.
The thiol reagents are used in excess to drive the equilibrium to the right: + + The reductant tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) is useful, beside being odorless compared to β-ME and DTT, because it is selective, working at both alkaline and acidic conditions (unlike DTT), is more hydrophilic and more resistant to oxidation in air ...
Dithiobutylamine (DTBA) is a reducing agent intended as an alternative for DTT in biochemical uses. It was designed to be easily synthesized in non-racemic form, to have a lower pKa (allowing more effective reduction at neutral pH), and to have a low disulfide E°′ reduction potential. [1]
The reduction potential of DTE is the same as for DTT, about –0.331 mV. [2] The pK a values of the thiol groups of DTE are 9.0 and 9.9, which is higher than the corresponding values for DTT (9.3 and 9.5). [2] Since reduction of disulfide bonds requires thiolate (ionized thiol), DTE is less efficient at lower pH compared to DTT. [2]
The epithelial DNA in solution is removed and saved, while the sperm cell's DNA precipitates with the attached protamines. Differential extraction uses a chemical called dithiothreitol (DTT) to disrupt the sulfur bonds in the protamines in order to release its DNA. Once the DNA is detached from the protamines, it is prone to standard DNA ...
The Staudinger reduction is conducted in two steps. First phosphine imine-forming reaction is conducted involving treatment of the azide with the phosphine. The intermediate, e.g. triphenylphosphine phenylimide, is then subjected to hydrolysis to produce a phosphine oxide and an amine: