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Turbo coding is an iterated soft-decoding scheme that combines two or more relatively simple convolutional codes and an interleaver to produce a block code that can perform to within a fraction of a decibel of the Shannon limit.
The on-line textbook: Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms, by David J.C. MacKay, contains chapters on elementary error-correcting codes; on the theoretical limits of error-correction; and on the latest state-of-the-art error-correcting codes, including low-density parity-check codes, turbo codes, and fountain codes.
Compute forward probabilities Compute backward probabilities β {\displaystyle \beta } Compute smoothed probabilities based on other information (i.e. noise variance for AWGN , bit crossover probability for binary symmetric channel )
Hardware-wise, this turbo code encoder consists of two identical RSC coders, C 1 and C 2, as depicted in the figure, which are connected to each other using a concatenation scheme, called parallel concatenation: In the figure, M is a memory register. The delay line and interleaver force input bits d k to appear in different sequences.
The sequence \Uhhhhhhhh denotes the code point hhhhhhhh, interpreted as a hexadecimal number. Code points located at U+10000 or higher must be denoted with the \U syntax, whereas lower code points may use \u or \U. The code point is converted into a sequence of code units in the encoding of the
Here, the variable c is first written to in S1 and then variable c is written to again in statement S2. This output dependence can be represented by S1 →O S2. An output dependence can be seen by different iterations in a loop. The following code snippet shows an example of this case:
Specifically, the for loop will call a value's into_iter() method, which returns an iterator that in turn yields the elements to the loop. The for loop (or indeed, any method that consumes the iterator), proceeds until the next() method returns a None value (iterations yielding elements return a Some(T) value, where T is the element type).
Classes of codes, and their subset relation: e.g., block codes -> linear codes -> cyclic codes -> BCH codes -> RS codes I'm sure I'm still missing a lot, but this came to my mind right away... Anyway, I'm sure I'll not be able to tackle this (rather big) task anytime soon, but maybe someone else will give it a shot.