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This latter cumene converts into cumene radical and feeds back into subsequent chain formations of cumene hydroperoxides. A pressure of 5 atm is used to ensure that the unstable peroxide is kept in liquid state. Cumene hydroperoxide undergoes a rearrangement reaction in an acidic medium (the Hock rearrangement) to give phenol and acetone. In ...
Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene process, the industrial route for the synthesis of phenol and acetone.In the Hock rearrangement of isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, migration of a methyl group rather than the phenyl group gives acetophenone and methanol as a result of an alternate rearrangement of the intermediate:
A phenol-croton oil is a type of chemical peel. [7] The term "phenol-croton oil peel" has replaced the vague term "phenol peel" in medical literature. It was originally used on a clandestine basis by early Hollywood stars in the 1920s and was incorporated into mainstream practice in the 1960s by Thomas Baker and Howard Gordon. [8]
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Phenol and its vapors are corrosive to the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract. [61] Its corrosive effect on skin and mucous membranes is due to a protein-degenerating effect. [50] Repeated or prolonged skin contact with phenol may cause dermatitis, or even second and third-degree burns. [62] Inhalation of phenol vapor may cause lung ...
Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that contains a benzene ring with an isopropyl substituent. It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. It is a flammable colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 152 °C.
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer; it develops from the melanin-producing cells known as melanocytes. [1] It typically occurs in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye (uveal melanoma). [1] [2] In women, melanomas most commonly occur on the legs; while in men, on the back. [2]
Hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the color of skin. It does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. [23] [24]