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The same association occurs in childhood onset schizophrenia, which is considered a more homogenous form of the disorder that hews closest to the hypothetical neurodevelopmental disorder underlying schizophrenia-spectrum conditions; approximately one-quarter of children with schizophrenia fit the criteria for an autism spectrum disorder prior ...
Another study in 2009 by Simon Fraser University researchers identifies a link between autism and schizophrenia: "The SFU group found that variations in four sets of genes are related to both autism and schizophrenia. People normally have two copies of each gene, but in those people with autism some genome locations have only single copies, and ...
Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are more common and prominent in individuals with autism, and sensory abnormalities are commonly recognized as diagnostic criteria in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as reported in the DSM-5; although there is no good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. [84]
The ASD-linked mutation results in a complete loss of SHANK 3 (like a deletion) and impaired striatal synaptic transmission. The schizophrenia-linked mutation results in a truncated SHANK 3 protein and severe synaptic impairments in the prefrontal cortex. [52] Other studies suggest that SHANK3 knockout mice display behavioral phenotypes of ASD.
Mind-blindness is defined as a state where the ToM has not been developed in an individual. [1] According to the theory, non-autistic people can make automatic interpretations of events taking into consideration the mental states of people, their desires, and beliefs.
Schizophrenia was the last diagnosis to benefit from the link made between ACEs and adult mental health outcomes. [ 110 ] Living in an urban environment during childhood or as an adult has consistently been found to increase the risk of schizophrenia by a factor of two, [ 27 ] [ 111 ] even after taking into account drug use , ethnic group , and ...
The neurodiversity paradigm is a view of autism as a different way of being rather than as a disease or disorder that must be cured. [39] [41] Autistic people are considered to have neurocognitive differences [33] which give them distinct strengths and weaknesses, and are capable of succeeding when appropriately accommodated and supported.
Sleep problems in autism have been linked in a study to brain changes, particularly in the hippocampus, though this study does not prove causation. [66] A common presentation of sleep apnea in children with autism is insomnia. [67] All known genetic syndromes which are linked to autism have a high prevalence of sleep apnea.