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Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C 4 H 9 O H, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers), from a straight-chain primary alcohol to a branched-chain tertiary alcohol; [1] all are a butyl or isobutyl group linked to a hydroxyl group (sometimes represented as BuOH, sec-BuOH, i-BuOH, and t-BuOH).
tert-Butyl alcohol is used as a solvent, ethanol denaturant, paint remover ingredient, and gasoline octane booster and oxygenate.It is a chemical intermediate used to produce methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by reaction with methanol and ethanol, respectively, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) by reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in an alcohol. ... tert-Butyl alcohol; ... Neopentyl alcohol; 2-Pentanol; 3-Methyl-2-butanol; 3-Pentanol; tert-Amyl ...
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tert-Butyl methyl ether 0.741 Cyclohexane 0.779 tert-Butyl alcohol 0.781 Isopropanol 0.785 Acetonitrile 0.786 Ethanol 0.789 Acetone 0.790 Methanol 0.791 Methyl isobutyl ketone 0.798 Isobutyl alcohol 0.802 1-Propanol 0.803 Methyl ethyl ketone 0.805 2-Butanol 0.808 Isoamyl alcohol 0.809 1-Butanol 0.810 Diethyl ketone 0.814 1-Octanol 0.826 p-Xylene
Like other butanols, butan-2-ol has low acute toxicity. The LD 50 is 4400 mg/kg (rat, oral). [6]Several explosions have been reported [7] [8] [9] during the conventional distillation of 2-butanol, apparently due to the buildup of peroxides with the boiling point higher than that of pure alcohol (and therefore concentrating in the still pot during distillation).
1-Butanol, also known as butan-1-ol or n-butanol, is a primary alcohol with the chemical formula C 4 H 9 OH and a linear structure. Isomers of 1-butanol are isobutanol, butan-2-ol and tert-butanol. The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer.
The effect of the tert-butyl group on the progress of a chemical reaction is called the Thorpe–Ingold effect illustrated in the Diels-Alder reaction below. Compared to a hydrogen substituent, the tert-butyl substituent accelerates the reaction rate by a factor of 240. [2] tert-Butyl effect. The tert-butyl effect is an example of steric hindrance.