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  2. Obstructed defecation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructed_defecation

    This enables normal peristalsis instead of abnormal contraction and retrograde movement of bowel contents. [16] Researchers demonstrated that patients who had positive results with biofeedback had evidence of improved autonomic innervation of the colon, increased colonic transit time, and had increased quality of life scores. [16]

  3. Bowel management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowel_management

    Bowel management is the process which a person with a bowel disability uses to manage fecal incontinence or constipation. [1] People who have a medical condition which impairs control of their defecation use bowel management techniques to choose a predictable time and place to evacuate. [1]

  4. Functional constipation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_constipation

    Functional constipation, also known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is defined by less than three bowel movements per week, hard stools, severe straining, the sensation of anorectal blockage, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the need for manual maneuvers during feces, without organic abnormalities.

  5. Hydrogen breath test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_breath_test

    Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is not absorbed by humans. Lactulose is well known to measure oro-cecal transit time. [11] [1] [4] The mean oro-cecal transit time in normal healthy individuals is 70 to 90 minutes. [12] [13] [8] By 90 minutes, at least 50% of individuals would have delivered the lactulose dose to the colon. Approximately 90 to ...

  6. Urinalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinalysis

    Thus, a positive result for blood can represent the presence of red blood cells , free hemoglobin (hemoglobinuria), or myoglobin (myoglobinuria). [51] Red blood cells can sometimes be distinguished from free hemoglobin or myoglobin as the former causes a speckled pattern on the test pad while the latter results in a uniform color change.

  7. Human feces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_feces

    The Bristol stool scale is a medical aid designed to classify the form of human feces into seven categories. Sometimes referred to in the UK as the Meyers Scale, it was developed by K.W. Heaton at the University of Bristol and was first published in the Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology in 1997. [4]

  8. Constipation in children - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constipation_in_children

    A Leech score of 9 or greater is regarded as positive for constipation. [12] The Barr system rates both the amount and consistency of the faeces, and assigns a score separately for the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum. Its maximum score is 22, and a score of 10 or greater is regarded as positive for constipation. [13]

  9. Stool test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stool_test

    A stool test is a medical diagnostic technique that involves the collection and analysis of fecal matter. Microbial analysis (culturing), microscopy and chemical ...