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Antenna directivity is the ratio of maximum radiation intensity (power per unit surface) radiated by the antenna in the maximum direction divided by the intensity radiated by a hypothetical isotropic antenna radiating the same total power as that antenna. For example, a hypothetical antenna which had a radiated pattern of a hemisphere (1/2 ...
The directivity is defined as the ratio of the maximum signal strength S radiated by the antenna to the signal strength S iso radiated by the isotropic antenna = Since the directional antenna radiates most of its power into a small solid angle around the z-axis its maximum signal strength is much larger than the isotropic antenna which spreads ...
English: Diagram explaining how the directivity (directive gain) of an antenna is defined. R (grey) is the radiation pattern of a typical directive antenna. It radiates most of its power in a narrow lobe oriented along the z axis.
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Patch antenna gain pattern. A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific direction only.
Antenna gain (G) is defined as antenna efficiency (e) multiplied by antenna directivity (D) which is expressed mathematically as: =. A useful relationship between omnidirectional radiation pattern directivity (D) in decibels and half-power beamwidth (HPBW) based on the assumption of a sin ( b θ ) / b θ {\displaystyle \sin(b\theta )/{b ...
The second antenna is a reference antenna, which points rigidly at the first antenna. Each antenna is alternately connected to a transmitter having a particular source impedance, and a receiver having the same input impedance (the impedance may differ between the two antennas).
Small rhombic UHF television antenna from 1952. Its broad bandwidth allowed it to cover the 470 to 890 MHz UHF television band. A rhombic antenna is made of four sections of wire suspended parallel to the ground in a diamond or "rhombus" shape. Each of the four sides is the same length – about a quarter-wavelength to one wavelength per ...