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The Xerox Alto is a computer system developed at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) in the 1970s. It is considered one of the first workstations or personal computers , and its development pioneered many aspects of modern computing.
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The ideas led to the development of the Xerox Alto prototype, which was originally called "the interim Dynabook". [8] [9] [10] It embodied all the elements of a graphical user interface, or GUI, as early as 1972. The software component of this research was Smalltalk, which went on to have a life of its own independent of the Dynabook concept.
BravoX was "modeless", as was Gypsy. While Bravo (and BravoX) were originally implemented in BCPL for the Xerox Alto, BravoX was later re-implemented in a language called "Butte" ("a Butte is a small Mesa", as Charles Simonyi used to say). Alto BCPL compiled into Data General Nova machine instructions, which were in turn interpreted by Alto ...
The Xerox Star workstation, officially named Xerox Star 8010 Information System, is the first commercial personal computer to incorporate technologies that have since become standard in personal computers, including a bitmapped display, a window-based graphical user interface, icons, folders, mouse (two-button), Ethernet networking, file servers, print servers, and email.
The Xerox Operating System (XOS) was an operating system for the XDS Sigma series of computers "optimized for direct replacement of IBM DOS/360 installations" and to provide real-time and timesharing support. [1] The system was developed, beginning in 1969, for Xerox by the French firm CII (now Bull). [2]
Dynabook Inc. (Dynabook株式会社, Dainabukku Kabushiki-gaisha), stylized dynabook, is a Japanese personal computer manufacturer based in Kōtō, Tokyo, owned by Sharp Corporation; it was previously part of, and branded overseas as, Toshiba, until 2018.
With its mouse-driven GUI, the Alto would go on to influence Steve Jobs and Apple's Macintosh computer and operating system in the 1980s. [23] Eventually, Microsoft 's Windows operating system would follow the Macintosh and use a multi-button mouse in the same way that the Alto and the NLS system did.