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In the UK, the typical total stopping distances (thinking distance plus braking distance) used in The Highway Code are quoted in Rule 126 as: [24] 20 mph: 40 feet (12 metres) 30 mph: 75 feet (23 metres) 40 mph: 118 feet (36 metres) 50 mph: 175 feet (53 metres) 60 mph: 240 feet (73 metres) 70 mph: 315 feet (96 metres)
The two-second rule is useful as it can be applied to any speed. Drivers can find it difficult to estimate the correct distance from the car in front, let alone remember the stopping distances that are required for a given speed, or to compute the equation on the fly. The two-second rule provides a simpler way of perceiving the distance.
Headway is the distance or duration between vehicles in a transit system. The minimum headway is the shortest such distance or time achievable by a system without a reduction in the speed of vehicles. The precise definition varies depending on the application, but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip (front end) of one ...
For example, a speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) corresponds to stopping distance of 4 seconds' travel at 60 mph. Drivers that require additional perception-reaction time, such as novices, elderly, or those in complex or adverse environments, can benefit by adding additional seconds. [183] [184]
The Loubière's drove the car in Paris, where it reached 60 mph. It was said to be able to attain a top speed of 95 mph and petrol consumption was 32 mpg under normal driving. The stopping distance at 60 mph was said to be less than 40 yards, compared with the 60 to 80 yards for cars of the period.
The design sight distance allows a below-average driver to stop in time to avoid a collision in most cases. Driver perception/reaction distance is calculated by: d PRT = 0.278 Vt (metric) d PRT = 1.47 Vt (US customary) Where: d PRT = driver perception-reaction distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) t = brake reaction time, in seconds
Right before a wheel locks up, it will experience a rapid deceleration. If left unchecked, the wheel would stop much more quickly than any car could. It might take a car two to four seconds to stop from 60 mph (96.6 km/h) under ideal conditions, but a wheel that locks up could stop spinning in less than a second.
For heavy duty commercial vehicles it is recommended 4-6 seconds following distance for speeds under 30 mi/h (48 km/h), and 6-8 seconds following distance for speeds over 30 mi/h (48 km/h). [9] Rear-end collisions are the number one type of traffic collisions .