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The East Asian monsoon is a monsoonal flow that carries moist air from the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean to East Asia. It affects approximately one-third of the global population, influencing the climate of Japan , the Korean Peninsula , Taiwan , China , the Philippines and Mainland Southeast Asia but most significantly Vietnam .
The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African, Asian–Australian, the North American, and South American monsoons. The term was first used in English in British India and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area.
Monsoons are large-scale sea breezes which occur when the temperature on land is significantly warmer or cooler than the temperature of the ocean. Most summer monsoons or southwest monsoons (Filipino: Habagat) have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious amounts of rain (because of the condensation of water vapor in the rising air).
However, the monsoon varies over the Indian subcontinent within a ±20% range. Rains that exceed 10% typically lead to major floods, while a 10% shortfall is a significant drought. [2] The Monsoon of South Asia is among several geographically distributed global monsoons.
An area of tropical monsoon climate (occasionally known as a sub-equatorial, tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate) is a tropical climate subtype that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category Am. Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18 °C (64 °F) in every month ...
A delay of a few days in the arrival of the monsoon can badly affect the economy, as evidenced in the numerous droughts in India in the 1990s. The monsoon is widely welcomed and appreciated by city-dwellers as well, for it provides relief from the climax of summer heat in June. [9] However, the condition of the roads take a battering each year.
Monsoon Depression near Bangladesh. The monsoon trough, also known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (), is depicted by a line on a weather map showing the locations of minimum sea level pressure within the monsoon region, and is a convergence zone between the wind patterns of the southern and northern hemispheres.
August position of the ITCZ and monsoon trough in the Pacific Ocean, depicted by area of convergent streamlines in the northern Pacific. The monsoon trough is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Western Pacific, [1] [2] as depicted by a line on a weather map showing the locations of minimum sea level pressure, [1] and as such, is a convergence zone between the wind patterns ...