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The Spanish called the Awaswas "the Santa Cruz people" and theirs became the main language spoken at the Mission Santa Cruz. The Franciscans named local tribes after saints. [ 2 ] During the era of Spanish missions in California , the Awaswas people's lives changed with the Mission Santa Cruz (founded in 1791) built in their territory.
Resistance to Spanish rule demonstrated how the Spanish Crown's claims to California were both insecure and contested. [12] By the 1800s, San Gabriel was the richest in the entire colonial mission system, supplying cattle, sheep, goats, hogs, horses, mules, and other supplies for settlers and settlements throughout Alta California .
In the North American Arctic region, Greenland in 2009 elected Kalaallisut [10] as its sole official language. In the United States, the Navajo language is the most spoken Native American language, with more than 200,000 speakers in the Southwestern United States.
[9] [10] [11] Spanish was the official administrative language in California through the Spanish and Mexican periods until 1848, when Alta California was ceded from Mexico to the United States following the U.S. Conquest of California. Early American governments in California protected the rights of Spanish speakers in the 1849 Constitution of ...
Prior to contact with Europeans, the California region contained the highest Native American population density north of what is now Mexico. [19]: 112 Because of the temperate climate and easy access to food sources, approximately one-third of all Native Americans in the United States were living in the area of California. [23]
The Luiseño or Payómkawichum are an Indigenous people of California who, at the time of the first contacts with the Spanish in the 16th century, inhabited the coastal area of southern California, ranging 50 miles (80 km) from the present-day southern part of Los Angeles County to the northern part of San Diego County, and inland 30 miles (48 km).
The slur "Oaxaquita" ("Little Oaxacan") is a derogatory term that is used by Spanish-speaking Mexican-Americans against Indigenous Mexican-Americans. The term carries the connotation that being from Oaxaca is negative and is often also used against any Mexican-American who is short or fat. The slur "indito" ("little Indian") is also used ...
A map of California tribal groups and languages at the time of European contact. The Indigenous peoples of California are the Indigenous inhabitants who have previously lived or currently live within the current boundaries of California before and after the arrival of Europeans.