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The scope of underwater exploration includes the distribution and variety of marine and aquatic life, measurement of the geographical distribution of the chemical and physical properties, including movement of the water, and the geophysical, geological and topographical features of the Earth's crust where it is covered by water.
He was the first to use a marine chronometer to determine longitude. 1785 Benjamin Franklin writes Sundry Marine Observations on improvements to ships and the Gulf Stream. 1831-1836 Charles Darwin sails on the Beagle, exploring the Galapagos and many other areas. It is this work which led him to develop the concepts of natural selection and ...
The result of the exploration and associated research is the discovery of new marine species as well as microscopic microbes which may have implications towards modern medicine. [41] Private companies have also expressed interest in these resources.
Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical , geochemical , sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone .
Institute of Marine Environment and Resources in Haiphong, part of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. IMER; Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics in Hanoi, part of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. [27] IMGG; International Centre for Interdisciplinary Science and Education in Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh. ICISE
The International Phase of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began in 1975 with the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and France joining the United States in field work aboard the Glomar Challenger and in post-cruise scientific research. [8] The Glomar Challenger docked for the last time with DSDP in November 1983.
Marine geophysics is the scientific discipline that employs methods of geophysics to study the world's ocean basins and continental margins, particularly the solid earth beneath the ocean. It shares objectives with marine geology , which uses sedimentological , paleontological , and geochemical methods.
Drilling discoveries led to further questions and hypotheses, as well as to new disciplines in earth sciences such as the field of paleoceanography. In 2004 ODP transformed into the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).