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According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon-carbon multiple bonds, there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next ...
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] Lauric acid: 298.9 44 –3.9 Acetic acid: 1.04 117.9 3.14 16.6 –3.90 K b [1] K f [2] Acetone: 0.78 56.2 1.67 –94.8 K b [3] Benzene: 0.87 80.1 2.65 5.5 –5.12 K b & K f [2] Bromobenzene: 1.49 156.0 6. ...
4-Fluoroaniline can be prepared by the hydrogenation of 4-nitrofluorobenzene. [2] It is a common building block in medicinal chemistry and related fields. [3] For example, it is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide or the fentanyl analogue parafluorofentanyl. It has also been evaluated for the production of ligands for homogeneous catalysis ...
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
4-Fluoronitrobenzene can be hydrogenated to give 4-fluoroaniline, [3] which is a precursor to the fungicide fluoroimide and parafluorofentanyl. Owing to the presence of the electron withdrawing nitro group, the fluoride is a good leaving group in fluoronitrobenzenes. Thus reaction with phenoxide gives the mononitrodiphenylether. [4]
R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (now Honeywell) in 1991. [5] Other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell R-410A. [6] R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of Carrier Corporation, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc., Copeland Scroll Compressors (a division of Emerson Electric Company), and ...
Thus, methane boils at −161 °C whereas the fluoromethanes boil between −51.7 (CF 2 H 2) and −128 °C (CF 4). The CFCs have still higher boiling points because the chloride is even more polarizable than fluoride. Because of their polarity, the CFCs are useful solvents, and their boiling points make them suitable as refrigerants.
Many refrigerants in the HFO class are inherently stable chemically and inert, non toxic, and non-flammable or mildly flammable. Many HFOs have the proper freezing and boiling points to be useful for refrigeration at common temperatures.