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The hydrometer sinks deeper in low-density liquids such as kerosene, gasoline, and alcohol, and less deep in high-density liquids such as brine, milk, and acids. It is usual for hydrometers to be used with dense liquids to have the mark 1.000 (for water) near the top of the stem, and those for use with lighter liquids to have 1.000 near the bottom.
Liquid density calculator Select a liquid from the list and calculate density as a function of temperature. Gas density calculator Calculate density of a gas for as a function of temperature and pressure. Densities of various materials. Determination of Density of Solid, instructions for performing classroom experiment.
Two major assumptions are used in this method: The compound vapor behaves as an ideal gas (follows all 5 postulates of the kinetic theory of gases); Either the volume of the vessel does not vary significantly between room temperature and the working temperature, or the volume of the vessel may be accurately determined at the working temperature
The density varies with temperature, but not linearly: as the temperature increases, the density rises to a peak at 3.98 °C (39.16 °F) and then decreases; [33] the initial increase is unusual because most liquids undergo thermal expansion so that the density only decreases as a function of temperature.
ρ new is the unknown density of the new (green) liquid. RD new/ref is the relative density of the new liquid with respect to the reference. V is the volume of reference liquid displaced, i.e. the red volume in the diagram. m is the mass of the entire hydrometer. g is the local gravitational constant. Δx is the change in displacement.
In fluid mechanics, the Tait equation is an equation of state, used to relate liquid density to hydrostatic pressure.The equation was originally published by Peter Guthrie Tait in 1888 in the form [1]
A density meter (densimeter) is a device which measures the density of an object or material. Density is usually abbreviated as either ρ {\displaystyle \rho } or D {\displaystyle D} . Typically, density either has the units of k g / m 3 {\displaystyle kg/m^{3}} or l b / f t 3 {\displaystyle lb/ft^{3}} .
U-tube with piezo-electric actuator Digital density measuring principle. The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the density of liquids and gases based on an electronic measurement of the frequency of oscillation, from which the density value is calculated. This measuring principle is based on the Mass-Spring Model.