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A base transceiver station (BTS) or a baseband unit [1] (BBU) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs are devices like mobile phones (handsets), WLL phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity, or antennas mounted on buildings or telecommunication towers.
Base station architecture evolved from all-in-one base stations, through Base-Band Units (BBUs) and Remote Radio Heads (RRH), to C-RAN architectures where equipment located at the cell sites Remote Unit (RU) or RU + Distributed Unit (DU) connects via fronthaul network to centralized baseband locations – Central Unit (CU).
In this architecture the radio function unit, also known as the remote radio head , is separated from the digital function unit, or baseband unit (BBU) by fiber. Digital baseband signals are carried over fiber, using the Open Base Station Architecture Initiative or Common Public Radio Interface standard. The RRH can be installed on the top of ...
This equipment is used to extend the coverage of a baseband unit in challenging environments such as rural areas or tunnels. RRHs are generally connected to the baseband unit or base station which can be an x86 server [ 2 ] on the ground near a cell tower, via a fiber optic cable using Common Public Radio Interface protocols.
Verband Berlin-Brandenburgischer Wohnungsunternehmen (BBU), part of GdW Bundesverband deutscher Wohnungs- und Immobilienunternehmen Beijing Bailie University , Beijing, China Build Bright University , Phnom Penh, Cambodia
RP2 provides a link between the transport and baseband blocks. Version 2.1 of the reference point 2 interface was published in 2008. [3] RP3 is the interface between baseband block and RF block. RP3-01 is an (alternate) interface between Local Converter and Remote RF block. Version 4.2 of the reference point 3 interface was published in 2010. [4]
Professional base station radios are often one channel. In lightly used base stations, a multi-channel unit may be employed. [7] In heavily used systems, the capability for additional channels, where needed, is accomplished by installing an additional base station for each channel.
The purpose of CPRI is to allow replacement of a copper or coax cable connection between a radio transceiver (used example for mobile-telephone communication and typically located in a tower) and a base station/baseband unit [3] (typically located at the ground nearby), so the connection can be made to a remote and more convenient location. [4]