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Vanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 O 3.It is a black solid prepared by reduction of V 2 O 5 with hydrogen or carbon monoxide. [3] [4] It is a basic oxide dissolving in acids to give solutions of vanadium (III) complexes. [4]
Amphoteric is derived from the Greek word amphoteroi (แผμφฯτεροι) meaning "both". Related words in acid-base chemistry are amphichromatic and amphichroic , both describing substances such as acid-base indicators which give one colour on reaction with an acid and another colour on reaction with a base.
V 2 O 5 is an amphoteric oxide, and unlike most transition metal oxides, it is slightly water soluble, giving a pale yellow, acidic solution. Thus V 2 O 5 reacts with strong non-reducing acids to form solutions containing the pale yellow salts containing dioxovanadium(V) centers: V 2 O 5 + 2 HNO 3 → 2 VO 2 (NO 3) + H 2 O
Carbonic acid is an illustrative example of the Lewis acidity of an acidic oxide. CO 2 + 2OH − โ HCO 3 − + OH − โ CO 3 2− + H 2 O. This property is a key reason for keeping alkali chemicals well sealed from the atmosphere, as long-term exposure to carbon dioxide in the air can degrade the material.
Vanadium(IV) oxide or vanadium dioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula VO 2.It is a dark blue solid. Vanadium(IV) dioxide is amphoteric, dissolving in non-oxidising acids to give the blue vanadyl ion, [VO] 2+ and in alkali to give the brown [V 4 O 9] 2− ion, or at high pH [VO 4] 4−. [4]
Vanadium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound with the idealized formula VO. It is one of the several binary vanadium oxides.It adopts a distorted NaCl structure and contains weak V−V metal to metal bonds.
Chromium(III) oxide is amphoteric. Although insoluble in water, it reacts with acid to produce salts of hydrated chromium ions such as [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 3+. [11] It is also attacked by concentrated alkali to yield salts of [Cr(OH) 6] 3−. When heated with finely divided carbon or aluminium, it is reduced to chromium metal: Cr 2 O 3 + 2 Al → 2 Cr ...
Co-solvents (in water solvent) are defined as kosmotropic (order-making) if they contribute to the stability and structure of water-water interactions. In contrast, chaotropic (disorder-making) agents have the opposite effect, disrupting water structure, increasing the solubility of nonpolar solvent particles, and destabilizing solute aggregates. [1]