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HO 2 CC(OH) 2 CO 2 H Mesoxalic acid: oxopropanedioic acid ketomalonic acid ... C 5 H 11 CH(CH 3)COOH 3-methylheptanoic acid C 4 H 9 CH(CH 3)CH 2 COOH 4 ...
CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH C4:0 Valeric acid: Pentanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 3 COOH C5:0 Caproic acid: Hexanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH C6:0 Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH C7:0 Caprylic acid: Octanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH C8:0 Pelargonic acid: Nonanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 7 COOH C9:0 Capric acid: Decanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 8 COOH C10:0 ...
When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid ), then the prefix hydroxy- is used, [ 19 ] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2 ...
To better reflect its structure, acetic acid is often written as CH 3 −C(O)OH, CH 3 −C(=O)−OH, CH 3 COOH, and CH 3 CO 2 H. In the context of acid–base reactions, the abbreviation HAc is sometimes used, [12] where Ac in this case is a symbol for acetate (rather than acetyl).
CH 3 (CH 2) 4 COOH: Goat fat 7: Enanthic acid: Heptanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 5 COOH: Fragrance 8: Caprylic acid: Octanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 6 COOH: Coconuts: 9: Pelargonic acid: Nonanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 7 COOH: Pelargonium plant 10: Capric acid: Decanoic acid: CH 3 (CH 2) 8 COOH: Coconut and Palm kernel oil: 11: Undecylic acid: Undecanoic acid ...
Hydroxypropionic acids, e.g., CH 3 CH(OH)CO 2 H (lactic acid), component of milk. chiral; Hydroxybutyric acids, CH 3 CH(OH)CH 2 CO 2 H (beta-Hydroxybutyric acid), carbon-storage compound; Citric acid, HO 2 CC(OH)(CH 2 CO 2 H) 2, energy-carrying compound and iron-chelator; Salicylic acid, 2−HOC 6 H 4 CO 2 H, precursor to aspirin
The alkyl (R') group is named first. The R−C(=O)O part is then named as a separate word based on the carboxylic acid name, with the ending changed from "-oic acid" to "-oate" or "-carboxylate" For example, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOCH 3 is methyl pentanoate, and (CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 is ethyl 4-methylpentanoate.
acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) → acetyl chloride (CH 3 COCl) benzoic acid (C 6 H 5 COOH) → benzoyl chloride (C 6 H 5 COCl) butyric acid (C 3 H 7 COOH) → butyryl chloride (C3H7COCl) (Idiosyncratically, for some trivial names, -oyl chloride substitutes -ic acid. For example, pivalic acid becomes pivaloyl chloride and acrylic acid becomes acryloyl ...