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The main component of bee venom responsible for pain in vertebrates is the toxin melittin; histamine and other biogenic amines may also contribute to pain and itching. [8] In one of the alternative medical uses of honey bee products, apitherapy , bee venom has been used to treat arthritis and other painful conditions. [ 9 ]
Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that uses honey bee products, including honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom. There has been no scientific or clinical evidence for the efficacy or safety of apitherapy treatments. [1] [2] Bee venom can cause minor or major reactions, including allergic responses, anaphylaxis or death.
Melittin is the main compound in bee venom, accounting for the potential lethality of a bee sting, which causes an anaphylactic reaction in some people. [5] At the sites of multiple stings, localized pain, swelling, and skin redness occur, and if bees are swallowed, life-threatening swelling of the throat and respiratory passages may develop. [5]
The biggest culprit — and source of pain — is a protein called melittin, which causes blood vessels at the site of the sting to expand and burst. ... It sounds as if Mary has never had allergy ...
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The pressure immobilisation technique is a first aid treatment used as a way to treat spider bite, snakebite, bee, wasp and ant stings in allergic individuals, blue ringed octopus stings, cone shell stings, etc. [1] [2] The object of pressure immobilisation is to contain venom within a bitten limb and prevent it from moving through the lymphatic system to the vital organs.
Tertiapin is a compound of the honey bee venom that causes pain and signs of inflammation around the sting, but a great number of stings can be lethal (LD50 is 18-22 stings per kg for humans). [10] An anaphylactic shock can develop if a person has an allergy to the venom. In that case even one sting can be lethal.
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