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Intergroup relations refers to interactions between individuals in different social groups, and to interactions taking place between the groups themselves collectively.It has long been a subject of research in social psychology, political psychology, and organizational behavior.
The history of group dynamics (or group processes) [2] has a consistent, underlying premise: "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts." A social group is an entity that has qualities which cannot be understood just by studying the individuals that make up the group.
[5] Social psychologist Muzafer Sherif proposed to define a social unit as a number of individuals interacting with each other with respect to: [6] Common motives and goals; An accepted division of labor, i.e. roles; Established status (social rank, dominance) relationships; Accepted norms and values with reference to matters relevant to the group
Wilson and Liu suggested intergroup attitudes follow social structure and cultural beliefs, theories, and ideologies developed to make sense of group's place in the social structure and the nature of their relationships with other groups; from this view, SDO is a product rather than a cause of social life. [52]
Levels of trust are higher in countries with lower economic inequality.. Group cohesiveness, also called group cohesion, social harmony or social cohesion, is the degree or strength of bonds linking members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole. [1]
In-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group–out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. [1] [2]
Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.
In some subfields of criminology, psychology, and sociology, intergroup contact has been described as one of the best ways to improve relations among groups in conflict. [3] [4] Nonetheless, the effects of intergroup contact vary widely from context to context, and empirical inquiry continues to this day. [5]