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  2. Racial segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the...

    Notably, racial segregation in the United States was the legally and/or socially enforced separation of African Americans from whites, as well as the separation of other ethnic minorities from majority and mainstream communities. [1]

  3. Brown v. Board of Education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education

    Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), [1] was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

  4. Runyon v. McCrary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyon_v._McCrary

    Runyon v. McCrary, 427 U.S. 160 (1976), was a landmark case by the United States Supreme Court, which ruled that private schools that discriminate on the basis of race or establish racial segregation are in violation of federal law. [1]

  5. Separate but equal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separate_but_equal

    Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law, according to which racial segregation did not necessarily violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which nominally guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all people.

  6. Civil rights movement (1896–1954) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896...

    The civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent action to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. The era has had a lasting impact on American society – in its tactics, the increased social and legal acceptance of civil rights, and in its exposure of the prevalence and cost of racism.

  7. Plessy v. Ferguson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 January 2025. 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case on racial segregation 1896 United States Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court of the United States Argued April 13, 1896 Decided May 18, 1896 Full case name Homer A. Plessy v. John H. Ferguson Citations 163 U.S. 537 (more) 16 S. Ct. 1138; 41 L ...

  8. Woodrow Wilson and race - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_and_race

    Scott Berg argues Wilson accepted segregation as part of a policy to "promote racial progress by shocking the social system as little as possible." [ 149 ] The ultimate result of this policy would be an unprecedented expansion of segregation within the federal bureaucracy; with fewer opportunities for employment and promotion open to African ...

  9. Nadir of American race relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race...

    The nadir of American race relations was the period in African-American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century, when racism in the country, and particularly anti-black racism, was more open and pronounced than it had ever been during any other period in the nation's history.