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Audio frequency, otherwise known as the pitch, is currently the only characteristic of sound that is known with certainty to be topographically mapped in the central nervous system. However, other characteristics may form similar maps in the cortex such as sound intensity, [ 18 ] [ 19 ] tuning bandwidth, [ 20 ] or modulation rate, [ 21 ] [ 22 ...
Pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre. [3] Pitch may be quantified as a frequency, but pitch is not a purely objective physical property; it is a subjective psychoacoustical attribute of sound. Historically, the study of pitch and pitch perception has been a central problem in ...
The examples include ground vibrations produced by elephants whose principal frequency component is around 15 Hz, and low- to medium-frequency substrate-borne vibrations used by most insect orders. [15] Many animal sounds, however, do fall within the frequency range detectable by a human ear, between 20 and 20,000 Hz. [16]
Although pitch retrieval mechanisms in the auditory system are still a matter of debate, [76] [115] TFS n information may be used to retrieve the pitch of low-frequency pure tones [75] and estimate the individual frequencies of the low-numbered (ca. 1st-8th) harmonics of a complex sound, [116] frequencies from which the fundamental frequency of ...
Place theory is a theory of hearing that states that our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane.By this theory, the pitch of a sound, such as a human voice or a musical tone, is determined by the places where the membrane vibrates, based on frequencies corresponding to the tonotopic organization of the primary auditory neurons.
The temporal theory of hearing, also called frequency theory or timing theory, states that human perception of sound depends on temporal patterns with which neurons respond to sound in the cochlea. Therefore, in this theory, the pitch of a pure tone is determined by the period of neuron firing patterns—either of single neurons, or groups as ...
This temporal preservation is one way to argue directly for the temporal theory of pitch perception, and to argue indirectly against the place theory of pitch perception. The primary auditory cortex is one of the main areas associated with superior pitch resolution. The right secondary auditory cortex has finer pitch resolution than the left.
This notation indicates differing pitch, dynamics, articulation, instrumentation, timbre, and rhythm (duration and onset/order). Traditionally in Western music, a musical tone is a steady periodic sound. A musical tone is characterized by its duration, pitch, intensity (or loudness), and timbre (or quality). [1]