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The term NO x represents several forms of nitrogen oxides such as NO (nitric oxide), NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) and N 2 O (nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas).In a gasoline engine, NO is the most common form of NO x at around 93%, while NO 2 is around 5% and the rest is N 2 O.
NO x gases are usually produced from the reaction between nitrogen and oxygen during combustion of fuels, such as hydrocarbons, in air; especially at high temperatures, such as in car engines. [1] [2] [3] In areas of high motor vehicle traffic, such as in large cities, the nitrogen oxides emitted can be a significant source of air pollution.
In the context of racing, nitrous oxide is often termed nitrous or NOS.The term NOS is derived from the initials of the company name Nitrous Oxide Systems, Inc. (now a brand of Holley Performance Products) one of the pioneering companies in the development of nitrous oxide injection systems for automotive performance use, and has become a genericized trademark.
The end result of this recirculation of both exhaust gas and crankcase oil vapour is again an increase in soot production, which however is effectively countered by the DPF, which collects these and in the end will burn those unburnt particles during regeneration, converting them into CO2 and water vapour emissions, that - unlike NOx gases ...
NOx: Oxides of nitrogen; PB: Power brakes; PC: passenger car; RPM: Revolutions Per Minute; PS: Power steering; R-134a: Refrigerant 134a, tetrafluoroethane (C 2 H 2 F 4) R-152a: Refrigerant 152a, difluoroethane (C 2 H 4 F 2) RCTA: Rear Cross Traffic Alert; RPE: Retail price equivalent; RWD: Rear Wheel Drive; SULEV: Super ultra low emission ...
However, fueling a petrol engine directly allows more fuel to be directed towards the spark-plug than elsewhere in the combustion-chamber. [1] This results in a stratified charge: one in which the air/fuel ratio is not homogeneous throughout the combustion-chamber, but varies in a controlled (and potentially quite complex) way across the volume ...
A NO x adsorber is designed to reduce oxides of nitrogen emitted in the exhaust gas of a lean burn internal combustion engine.Lean burn engines, particularly diesels, present a special challenge to emission control system designers because of the relatively high levels of O 2 (atmospheric oxygen) in the exhaust gas.
[1] Commercial selective catalytic reduction systems are typically found on large utility boilers, industrial boilers, and municipal solid waste boilers and have been shown to lower NO x emissions by 70-95%. [1] Applications include diesel engines, such as those found on large ships, diesel locomotives, gas turbines, and automobiles.