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  2. Monte Carlo method for photon transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method_for...

    Each photon packet will repeatedly undergo the following numbered steps until it is either terminated, reflected, or transmitted. The process is diagrammed in the schematic to the right. Any number of photon packets can be launched and modeled, until the resulting simulated measurements have the desired signal-to-noise ratio.

  3. Signal transmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transmission

    In telecommunications, transmission (sometimes abbreviated as "TX") is the process of sending or propagating an analog or digital signal via a medium that is wired, wireless, or fiber-optic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]

  4. Transponder (satellite communications) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transponder_(satellite...

    a frequency translator (normally composed of an oscillator and a frequency mixer) used to convert the frequency of the received signal to the frequency required for the transmitted signal, an output band-pass filter, a power amplifier (this can be a traveling-wave tube or a solid-state amplifier).

  5. Network packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packet

    The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems packet telemetry standard defines the protocol used for the transmission of spacecraft instrument data over the deep-space channel. Under this standard, an image or other data sent from a spacecraft instrument is transmitted using one or more packets.

  6. Transmission system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_system

    In telecommunications, a transmission system is a system that transmits a signal from one place to another. The signal can be an electrical, optical or radio signal.The goal of a transmission system is to transmit data accurately and efficiently from point A to point B over a distance, using a variety of technologies such as copper cable and fiber-optic cables, satellite links, and wireless ...

  7. Transmission coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_coefficient

    Different fields of application have different definitions for the term. All the meanings are very similar in concept: In chemistry, the transmission coefficient refers to a chemical reaction overcoming a potential barrier; in optics and telecommunications it is the amplitude of a wave transmitted through a medium or conductor to that of the incident wave; in quantum mechanics it is used to ...

  8. Transmission medium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_medium

    At medium wave and shortwave frequencies (MF and HF bands) radio waves can refract from a layer of charged particles high in the atmosphere, called the ionosphere. This means that radio waves transmitted at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth beyond the horizon, at great distances, even transcontinental distances.

  9. Packet switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching

    In telecommunications, packet switching is a method of grouping data into short messages in fixed format, i.e. packets, that are transmitted over a digital network. Packets are made of a header and a payload. Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination, where the payload is extracted and used by an ...