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The decibel originates from methods used to quantify signal loss in telegraph and telephone circuits. Until the mid-1920s, the unit for loss was miles of standard cable (MSC). 1 MSC corresponded to the loss of power over one mile (approximately 1.6 km) of standard telephone cable at a frequency of 5000 radians per second (795.8 Hz), and matched closely the smallest attenuation detectable to a ...
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It is this defined number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs—in general, entities) per mole and used as a normalization factor in relating the amount of substance, n(X), in a sample of a ...
In a metal, every atom donates at least one free electron for conduction, thus 1 cm 3 of metal contains on the order of 10 22 free electrons, [30] whereas a 1 cm 3 sample of pure germanium at 20 °C contains about 4.2 × 10 22 atoms, but only 2.5 × 10 13 free electrons and 2.5 × 10 13 holes.
According to the 2011 census, there were 10.1 million child labourers in the country, a decline of 2.6 million from 12.6 million in 2001. [351] Since 1991, economic inequality between India's states has consistently grown: the per-capita net state domestic product of the richest states in 2007 was 3.2 times that of the poorest. [352]
The Economist Intelligence Unit noted that democracy "was dealt a major blow in 2020". [15] Almost 70% of countries covered by the Democracy Index recorded a decline in their overall score, as most of them imposed lockdowns and other restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic , in addition to some arresting journalists and citizens ...
In August 1983, McDonnell Douglas announced that production would end due to a lack of orders, as it had widespread public apprehension after the 1979 crash and a poor fuel economy reputation. [2] As design flaws were rectified and fleet hours increased, the DC-10 achieved a long-term safety record comparable to those of similar-era passenger jets.
A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the primary processor in a given computer. [1] [2] Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations.
€1,934.40 (US$2288) per month, and €11.16 (US$13.2) per hour for persons 21 and older; between 30–80% (as low as €3.35 per hour) of this amount for persons aged 15–20. [165] An additional holiday allowance of 8% of the annual wage is paid in May or June, prorated for the time worked in the year.