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The Ottawa knee rules are a set of rules used to help physicians determine whether an x-ray of the knee is needed. [1] They state that an X-ray is required only in patients who have an acute knee injury with one or more of the following: Age 55 years or older; Tenderness at head of fibula; Isolated tenderness of patella
International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) system [10] Grade Findings A No joint space narrowing, defined in this system as at least 4 mm joint space B At least 4 mm joint space, but small osteophytes, slight sclerosis, or femoral condyle flattening C 2–4 mm joint space D < 2 mm joint space
English: Postoperative X-ray of normal knee prosthesis of a 73 year old man who had osteoarthritis.Lateral view. It shows the following measurements used for post-operative evaluation:
However, from a practical point of view, false positives that lead to negative X-ray tests were the very thing that the knee rules are trying to address. Nonetheless, the Pittsburgh knee rules offer fewer false positives than do the Ottawa knee rules , though the Ottawa knee rules are more commonly used. [ 2 ]
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The most common knee problems are: soft tissue inflammation, injury, or osteoarthritis. The mechanism of the knee injury can give a clue of the possible structures that can be injured. For example, applying valgus stress on the knee can cause medial collateral ligament rupture, meanwhile a varus force can cause lateral collateral ligament rupture
The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) is a Patient Reported Outcome questionnaire that was developed to specifically assess the patient's perspective of outcome following Total Knee Arthroplasty. The OKS has subsequently been validated for use in assessing other non-surgical therapies applied to those suffering from issues with the knee. [ 1 ]
X-ray of the knee of a 12-year-old male, showing knee effusion of medium severity, marked by black arrows. It displaces the patella anteriorly and extends into the suprapatellar bursa. An X-ray is useful to verify that there is no break or dislocation when there is a history of trauma. May show signs of osteoarthritis.