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Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
Traumatic brain injury may cause a range of serious coincidental complications that include cardiac arrhythmias [117] and neurogenic pulmonary edema. [118] These conditions must be adequately treated and stabilised as part of the core care. Surgery can be performed on mass lesions or to eliminate objects that have penetrated the brain.
This is often a result of secondary injury, which can damage neurons that were unharmed in the primary injury. It occurs after a variety of brain injury including subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and involves metabolic cascades. [13] Secondary injury can result from complications of the injury. [1]
Symptoms of a mild brain injury include headaches, confusions, tinnitus, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, mood or behavior. Other symptoms include trouble with memory, concentration, attention or thinking. [3] Mental fatigue is a common debilitating experience and may not be linked by the patient to the original (minor) incident.
Traumatic brain injury may cause damage to the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, and deficiencies of pituitary hormones (hypopituitarism) can cause similar symptoms to post-concussion syndrome; in these cases, symptoms can be treated by replacing any hormones that are deficient. [medical citation needed]
“Not only can women have more concussions in contact sports than men, but women also present with more pronounced symptoms, [such as] worse headaches and more fatigue,” says Dr. McQuiston.
Loneliness is an indicator of social well-being and can lead to intense feelings of emptiness and serious health consequences, including depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. Importantly, when manifested in older adults, it may reflect increased vulnerability and dependency, which may provide circumstances under which elder mistreatment ...
Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain damage caused by physical trauma. PTS may be a risk factor for or a symptom of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), but a person having a seizure or seizures due to traumatic brain injury does not necessarily have PTE. "PTS" and "PTE" may be used ...