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  2. Freeze-casting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeze-casting

    Freeze-cast alumina that has been partially sintered. The freezing direction in the image is up. Freeze-casting, also frequently referred to as ice-templating, freeze casting, or freeze alignment, is a technique that exploits the highly anisotropic solidification behavior of a solvent (generally water) in a well-dispersed solution or slurry to controllably template directionally porous ...

  3. Individual quick freezing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual_Quick_Freezing

    One of the main advantages of this method of preparing frozen food is that the freezing process takes only a few minutes. The exact time depends on the type of IQF freezer and the product. The short freezing prevents formation of large ice crystals in the product's cells, which destroys the membrane structures at the molecular level.

  4. List of cooking techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cooking_techniques

    See also References Further reading External links A acidulate To use an acid (such as that found in citrus juice, vinegar, or wine) to prevent browning, alter flavour, or make an item safe for canning. al dente To cook food (typically pasta) to the point where it is tender but not mushy. amandine A culinary term indicating a garnish of almonds. A dish served amandine is usually cooked with ...

  5. Sausage making - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage_making

    Pork may be rendered acceptable for use in dry sausages by freezing it using the following guidelines: −15 °C (5 °F) 20–30 days; −23 °C (−9 °F) 10–20 days; −29 °C (−20 °F) 6–12 days; The specific regulations are quite complex. They depend on the thickness of the cuts of meat, the packaging method, and other factors.

  6. Flash freezing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_freezing

    Flash freezing being used for cryopreservation. Flash freezing is used in the food industry to quickly freeze perishable food items (see frozen food). In this case, food items are subjected to temperatures well below [clarification needed] the freezing point of water. Thus, smaller ice crystals are formed, causing less damage to cell membranes. [3]

  7. Beef aging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_aging

    The beef is usually kept for a period of 4 to 10 days in wet aging. Modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) is usually employed for the vacuum packaging of meat; typically between 60 and 80 percent oxygen to retain its appetizing color, with red meat such as beef needing a higher oxygen level than less vividly colored meat such as pork.

  8. Smothering (cooking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smothering_(cooking)

    The technique involves cooking in a covered pan over low heat with a moderate amount of liquid, [1] and can be regarded as a form of stove-top braising. The meat dishes cooked in this fashion are typically served over boiled or steamed white rice as a rice and gravy, while the vegetables are typically served as side dishes.

  9. Cooking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 January 2025. Preparing food using heat This article is about the preparation of food specifically via heat. For a general outline, see Outline of food preparation. For varied styles of international food, see Cuisine. Not to be confused with Coking. A man cooking in a restaurant kitchen, Morocco ...