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Angiomyolipoma seen as a hyperechoic mass in the upper pole of an adult kidney on renal ultrasonography. Renal ultrasonography of a person with tuberous sclerosis and multiple angiomyolipomas in the kidney: Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by '+' and a dashed line. CT scan of a renal angiomyolipoma.
Urology Obstructive uropathy is a structural or functional hindrance of normal urine flow, [ 1 ] sometimes leading to renal dysfunction (obstructive nephropathy ). It is a very broad term, and does not imply a location or cause.
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine. [1] In renal physiology, when blood is filtered by the kidney, the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron, allowing for exchange of salts, acid equivalents, and other solutes before it drains into the bladder as urine.
Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2]: 1.030 [1] [2]: g/mL Urobilinogen: 0.2 [2]: 1.0 [2]: Ehrlich units or mg/dL : Free catecholamines, dopamine ...
pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia Braxton Hicks contraction: John Braxton Hicks: obstetrics: normal pregnancy "false labour". sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester Brewer infarcts: George Emerson Brewer: nephrology, pathology: pyelonephritis: dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section ...
The primary results of cystometric analysis is the cystometrogram. The x-axis is the volume of liquid and the y-axis is the intraluminal pressure of the bladder. In normal patients, the plot is a series of spikes whose local minimums form a non-linear curve resembling an exponential growth curve.
For example, a patient complaining of urinary urgency (or rushing to the toilet), with increased frequency of urination can have overactive bladder syndrome. The cause of this might be detrusor overactivity, in which the bladder muscle (the detrusor) contracts unexpectedly during bladder filling. Urodynamics can be used to confirm the presence ...
Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...