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Champ d'Asile depicted on a map of the Republic of Fredonia, 1835 Cover of a history of the Champ d'Asile, written shortly after it was abandoned (see External links). Champ d'Asile ("Field of Asylum") was a short-lived settlement founded in Texas in January 1818 by 20 French Bonapartist veterans of the Napoleonic Wars from the Vine and Olive Colony.
A letter of marque and reprisal (French: lettre de marque; lettre de course) was a government license in the Age of Sail that authorized a private person, known as a privateer or corsair, to attack and capture vessels of a foreign state at war with the issuer, licensing international military operations against a specified enemy as reprisal for a previous attack or injury.
Napoleon signs his abdication at Fontainebleau on April 4, 1814. Painting by François Bouchot (1843).. Napoleon I's first abdication was a moment in French history when, in April 1814, the French emperor Napoleon I was forced to relinquish power following his military defeat in the French campaign and his allies’ invasion.
Napoleon signs his abdication at Fontainebleau, 11 April 1814, by François Bouchot and Gaetano Ferri (1843). The Treaty of Fontainebleau was an agreement concluded in Fontainebleau, France, on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon and representatives of Austria, Russia and Prussia.
Michael V. Leggiere is a professor of history who works at the University of North Texas as deputy-director for the Barsanti Center for Military History.Leggiere's emphasis is on the Napoleonic era, and he deals most specifically with Prussian operations in Germany and France during 1813-14.
A tactical withdrawal or retreating defensive action is a type of military operation, generally meaning that retreating forces draw back while maintaining contact with the enemy. A withdrawal may be undertaken as part of a general retreat, to consolidate forces, to occupy ground that is more easily defended, force the enemy to overextend to ...
The Continental Blockade (French: Blocus continental), or Continental System, was a large-scale embargo by French emperor Napoleon I against the British Empire from 21 November 1806 until 11 April 1814, during the Napoleonic Wars.
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a general trade embargo on all foreign nations that was enacted by the United States Congress.As a successor or replacement law for the 1806 Non-importation Act and passed as the Napoleonic Wars continued, it represented an escalation of attempts to persuade Britain to stop any impressment of American sailors and to respect American sovereignty and neutrality but ...