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Paclitaxel, sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer. [11] It is administered by intravenous injection. [11] There is also an albumin-bound formulation. [11]
Paclitaxel was originally derived from the Pacific yew tree. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Taxanes are difficult to synthesize because of their numerous chiral centres—taxol has 11 of these. Recently, the presence of taxanes in the shells and leaves of Corylus avellana (the common hazel plant) has been reported.
Paclitaxel total synthesis in organic chemistry is a major ongoing research effort in the total synthesis of paclitaxel (Taxol). [1] This diterpenoid is an important drug in the treatment of cancer but, also expensive because the compound is harvested from a scarce resource, namely the Pacific yew ( Taxus brevifolia ).
Vinca alkaloids were originally manufactured by extracting them from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle). [1] Podophyllum spp. Two chemotherapy drugs, etoposide and teniposide, are synthetic chemical compounds similar in chemical structure to the toxin podophyllotoxin which is found in Podophyllum peltatum (May Apple). [1] Taxus brevifolia
The Holton Taxol total synthesis, published by Robert A. Holton and his group at Florida State University in 1994, was the first total synthesis of Taxol (generic name: paclitaxel). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Holton Taxol total synthesis is a good example of a linear synthesis .
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The first drug of their class, paclitaxel, was originally extracted from Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific yew. Now this drug and another in this class, docetaxel , are produced semi-synthetically from a chemical found in the bark of another yew tree, Taxus baccata .
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