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Paclitaxel, sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and pancreatic cancer. [11] It is administered by intravenous injection. [11] There is also an albumin-bound formulation. [11]
Chemicals extracted from clippings of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) have been used as the basis for two chemotherapy drugs, docetaxel and paclitaxel. [8] Euphorbia peplus. Contains ingenol mebutate (Picato) which is used to treat skin cancer [9] Maytenus ovatus
Paclitaxel was originally derived from the Pacific yew tree. [4] [5] Taxanes are difficult to synthesize because of their numerous chiral centres—taxol has 11 of these. Recently, the presence of taxanes in the shells and leaves of Corylus avellana (the common hazel plant) has been reported. [6] [7]
Paclitaxel total synthesis in organic chemistry is a major ongoing research effort in the total synthesis of paclitaxel (Taxol). [1] This diterpenoid is an important drug in the treatment of cancer but, also expensive because the compound is harvested from a scarce resource, namely the Pacific yew ( Taxus brevifolia ).
Paclitaxel, in contrast, is a tubulin polymerization stabilizer and is used as a chemotherapeutic drug. Paclitaxel is based on the terpenoid natural product taxol, which is isolated from Taxus brevifolia (the pacific yew tree). [109] A class of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol are the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, for example atorvastatin.
The precursors of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (taxol) were later shown to be synthesized easily from extracts of the leaves of European yew, [66] which is a much more renewable source than the bark of the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) from which they were initially isolated.
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Paclitaxel (Taxol) was a novel antimitotic agent that promoted microtubule assembly. This agent proved difficult to synthesize and could only be obtained from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree , which forced the NCI into the costly business of harvesting substantial quantities of yew trees from public lands.