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The bladder also contains β 3 adrenergic receptors, and pharmacological agonists of this receptor are used to treat overactive bladder. The mucosa of the urinary bladder may herniate through the detrusor muscle. [6] This is most often an acquired condition due to high pressure in the urinary bladder, damage, or existing connective tissue ...
The urethral sphincter is considered an integral part of maintaining urinary continence, and it is important to understand its role in some conditions: Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem related to the function of the urethral sphincter. Weak pelvic floor muscles, intrinsic sphincter damage, or damage to the surrounding nerves and ...
It is located at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder and is continuous with the detrusor muscle, [1] [2] but anatomically and functionally fully independent from it. [3] It is composed of smooth muscle , so it is under the control of the autonomic nervous system , specifically the sympathetic nervous system .
The external anal sphincter is far more substantial than the internal anal sphincter. The proximal portion of external anal sphincter overlaps the internal anal sphincter (which terminates distally a little distance proximal to the anal orifice) superficially; where the two overlap, they are separated by the intervening conjoint longitudinal muscle.
The coccygeus muscle completes the pelvic floor, which is also called the pelvic diaphragm. It supports the viscera in the pelvic cavity , and surrounds the various structures that pass through it. The levator ani is the main pelvic floor muscle and contracts rhythmically during female orgasm , and painfully during vaginismus .
This is the intramural part of the urethra surrounded by the internal urethral sphincter and varies between 0.5 and 1.5 cm in length depending on the fullness of the bladder. Transitional: Prostatic urethra: Crosses through the prostate gland. There are several openings at the posterior wall:
The lower third of the ureter, closest to the bladder, is supplied by branches from the internal iliac arteries, mainly the superior and inferior vesical arteries. [1] The arterial supply can be variable, with arteries that contribute include the middle rectal artery, branches directly from the aorta, [1] and, in women, the uterine and vaginal ...
The bladder receives blood by the vesical arteries and drained into a network of vesical veins. [11] The superior vesical artery supplies blood to the upper part of the bladder. The lower part of the bladder is supplied by the inferior vesical artery, both of which are branches of the internal iliac arteries. [11]