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Inspection may be manual, conducted by an inspector using imaging equipment, or automated using machine vision. [citation needed] Since the similarity of materials between weld and workpiece, and between good and defective areas, provides little inherent contrast, the latter usually requires methods other than simple imaging.
Its use is mainly limited to joint fit-up and detecting surface breaking flaws. It can be done as an in-process inspection, while the welding is occurring, or on the completed weld. In-process inspections can show problems with the weld such as discoloration, indicating thermal degradation, bubbles, scratches, and weld bead problems.
In addition to welders and welding machine operators, there are also schemes to independently certify welding inspectors and related specialities. The duties of the welding inspector are described in ISO 14731; [12] however the requirement for inspector certification are not standardized, so there are differences in requirement between the various schemes.
First article inspection is typically a purchase order requirement of the purchaser for the supplier to complete. If the manufacturer doesn't have the in-house capability or if the purchaser requests, the first article inspection may be conducted by an approved subcontract supplier such as a dimensional inspection/metrology laboratory.
Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions - Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position ISO 14112: Gas welding equipment - Small kits for gas brazing and welding ISO 14175: Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes. Replaced EN 439:1994 in Europe. ISO 14341: Welding consumables.
Dye penetrant inspection (DP), also called liquid penetrate inspection (LPI) or penetrant testing (PT), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to check surface-breaking defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics).
A PMCS check is required before, during, and after a piece of equipment or vehicle is used. Checks are also done at weekly, monthly, semi-annual, annual, or bi-annual intervals, depending on the specific part. [1] Doing a PMCS check every time equipment is used may reduce the number of failures.
Welding arc Wear welding helmet with eye protection, fire resistant overalls, welding gloves and apron Erect welding screens if appropriate Hot weld metal, sparks and slag Remove all combustibles from work area Lay out fireproof drop cloths. Set up appropriate fire fighting equipment in work area Maintain a fire watch during task plus 30 minutes.