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Akan (/ ə ˈ k æ n / [2]) is the largest language of Ghana, and the principal native language of the Akan people, spoken over much of the southern half of Ghana. [3] About 80% of Ghana's population speak Akan as a first or second language, [ 3 ] and about 44% of Ghanaians are native speakers .
The Central Tano or Akan languages are a pair of dialect clusters of the Niger-Congo family (or perhaps the theorised Kwa languages [1]) spoken in Ghana and Ivory Coast by the Akan people. There are two or three languages, each with dialects that are sometimes treated as languages themselves: [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Adópé (Dwarf in Ga language, but borrowed from Twi like many Ga customs. In Akan culture, ghosts take the form of dwarves[Mmotia] and apes[aboatia or adopeh] [note the -tia as a Twi suffix to denote a small stature, ghosts in Akan culture and Jamaica are seen as shape-shifters, they can be very big or very small.
Fante is the common dialect of the Fante people, whose communities each have their own subdialects, namely Agona, Anomabo, Abura and Gomoa, [4] all of which are mutually intelligible. Schacter and Fromkin describe two main Fante dialect groups: Fante 1, which uses a syllable-final /w/ and thus distinguishes kaw ("dance") and ka ("bite"); and ...
The Akan subgroups all have cultural attributes in common; most notably the tracing of royal matrilineal descent in the inheritance of property, and for succession to high political office. All Akans are considered royals in status, but not all are in royal succession or hold titles.
Akan, part of the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family, is a dialect continuum, [15] but with regard to official status, only a few out of the many varieties of Akan are recognised: Fante, Asante Twi, Akuapem Twi. Taken as a whole, Akan is the most-widely spoken language in Ghana. [10]
Bono, also known as Abron, Brong, and Bono Twi, is a dialect within the Akan language continuum that is spoken by the Bono people. [2] [3] Bono is spoken by approximately 1.2 million people in Ghana, primarily in the Bono Region, Bono East Region, and by over 300,000 in eastern Côte d'Ivoire.
GhaPE's substrate languages such as Akan influenced use of the spoken pidgin in Ghana. [4] [10] [11] Other influencers of GhaPE include Ga, Ewe, and Nzema. [4] While women understand GhaPE, they are less likely to use it in public or professional settings. [10] Mixed-gender groups more often converse in SGE or another language. [12]