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Gynecomastia usually presents with bilateral involvement of the breast tissue but may occur unilaterally as well. [27] Diagnosis of men with breast enlargement can be evaluated using an algorithm. A review of the medications or substances an individual takes may reveal the cause of gynecomastia. [27]
Normal histology of the breast during lactation. Mammoplasia is the normal or spontaneous enlargement of human breasts. [1] Mammoplasia occurs normally during puberty and pregnancy in women, as well as during certain periods of the menstrual cycle. [2] [3] [4] When it occurs in males, it is called gynecomastia and is considered to be ...
A breast mass, also known as a breast lump, is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding tissue. [1] Breast pain, nipple discharge, or skin changes may be present. [1] Concerning findings include masses that are hard, do not move easily, are of an irregular shape, or are firmly attached to surrounding tissue. [2]
The breast cancers associated with BP are mammary secretory carcinomas, lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma. [4] [5] [14] A positive family history of breast cancer together with recurrent bilateral PG is a risk factor for developing these breast cancers. [4]
The table in the multiple endocrine neoplasia article lists the genes involved in the various MEN syndromes. Most cases of MEN2 derive from a variation in the RET proto-oncogene, and are specific for cells of neural crest origin. A database of MEN-implicated RET mutations is maintained by the University of Utah Department of Physiology. [4]
The periareolar glands of Montgomery in the breast are also called Montgomery tubercles or Morgagni tubercles. These periareolar glands are small, papular tissue projections at the edge of the areola (nipple).Obstruction of the Montgomery tubercles may result in an acute inflammation, a clear or light brownish fluid may drain out of the areola (nipple discharge), and an subareolar mass may ...
Thelarche, also known as breast budding, is the onset of secondary breast development, often representing the beginning of pubertal development. [1] It is the stage at which male and female breasts differentiate due to variance in hormone levels; however, some males have a condition in which they develop breasts, termed gynecomastia .
In addition, larger masses can stretch the overlying breast tissue leading to nipple retraction, chest wall fixation, and in advanced cases, ulceration from pressure necrosis. [ 6 ] Phyllodes tumors can grow to a variety of sizes, ranging from 0.8 to 40 cm, with the average tumor growing to between 4 and 8 cm. [ 7 ] Their growth can be slow ...