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Satellite image of Cuba. Soil and desertification are the main causes of environmental problems. In addition, Cuba has other issues such as deforestation, water pollution, the loss of biodiversity, and air pollution. Soil degradation and desertification are produced by the lack of good farming techniques and natural disasters.
Geography of Cuba Sierra Maestra Viñales Valley. Cuba is located 77 km (48 mi) west of Haiti across the Windward Passage, 22.5 km (14.0 mi) south of The Bahamas (Cay Lobos), 150 km (93 mi) south of the United States (Key West, Florida), 210 km (130 mi) east of Mexico, and 140 km (87 mi) north of Jamaica.
Cuba is located in an area with several active fault systems which produce on average about 2,000 seismic events each year. [5] While most registered seismic events pass unnoticed, the island has been struck by a number of destructive earthquakes over the past four centuries, including several major quakes with a magnitude of 7.0 or above.
Cuba's natural resources include sugar, tobacco, fish, citrus fruits, coffee, beans, rice, potatoes, and livestock. Cuba's most important mineral resource is nickel, with 21% of total exports in 2011. [304] The output of Cuba's nickel mines that year was 71,000 tons, approaching 4% of world production. [305]
Cuba has three producing offshore oil fields within 5 km of its north coast. [2] A 2004 partnership between Spanish oil company Repsol-YPF and Cuba's state oil company Cupet estimated Cuba's off-shore reserves to be able to ultimately produce between 4.6 and 9.3 billion barrels of crude oil. [3]
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The following is a list of ecoregions in Cuba as identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Terrestrial ecoregions. by major habitat type.
The Cuban moist forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion that occupies 21,400 km 2 (8,300 sq mi; 5,300,000 acres) on Cuba and Isla de la Juventud. The ecoregion receives more than 2,000 mm (79 in) of rainfall annually, and does not have a dry season. Soils are usually derived from quartz, limestone, or serpentinites.