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The longest orbital flight of the Shuttle was STS-80 at 17 days 15 hours, while the shortest flight was STS-51-L at one minute 13 seconds when the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart during launch. The cold morning shrunk an O-Ring on the right Solid Rocket Booster causing the external fuel tank to explode.
This is a list of persons who served aboard Space Shuttle crews, arranged in chronological order by Space Shuttle missions. Abbreviations: PC = Payload Commander; MSE = USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer; Mir = Launched to be part of the crew of the Mir Space Station; ISS = Launched to be part of the crew of the International Space Station.
Space Shuttle Discovery as it approaches the International Space Station during STS-114 on July 28, 2005. This was the Shuttle's "return to flight" mission after the Columbia disaster The Shuttle program operated accident-free for seventeen years and 88 missions after the Challenger disaster, until Columbia broke up on reentry , killing all ...
Building the complete station required more than 40 assembly flights. As of 2020, 36 Space Shuttle flights delivered ISS elements. Other assembly flights consisted of modules lifted by the Falcon 9, Russian Proton rocket or, in the case of Pirs and Poisk, the Soyuz-U rocket. Some of the larger modules include:
The Space Shuttle external tank (ET) carried the propellant for the Space Shuttle Main Engines, and connected the orbiter vehicle with the solid rocket boosters. The ET was 47 m (153.8 ft) tall and 8.4 m (27.6 ft) in diameter, and contained separate tanks for liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
First crewed flight End date No. of crewed missions launched Notes Mercury program: 1958 1961: 1963: 6: First U.S. crewed program Gemini program: 1961 1965: 1966: 10: Program used to practice space rendezvous and EVAs: Apollo program: 1960 1968: 1972: 11: Landed first humans on the Moon Skylab: 1964 1973: 1974: 3: First American space station ...
U.S. Space Shuttle missions were capable of carrying more humans and cargo than the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, resulting in more U.S. short-term human visits until the Space Shuttle program was discontinued in 2011. Between 2011 and 2020, Soyuz was the sole means of human transport to the ISS, delivering mostly long-term crew.
Arrival Flight Departure (UTC) Departure Flight Duration (days) 1: Yuri Gidzenko Sergei Krikalev William Shepherd: 2 November 2000 09:21 Soyuz TM-31: 21 March 2001 07:33 STS-102: 141 2: Yury Usachov James S. Voss Susan Helms: 8 March 2001 11:42 STS-102: 22 August 2001 19:24 STS-105: 167.28 3: Frank L. Culbertson Jr. Mikhail Tyurin Vladimir ...