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Economics is a study of man in the ordinary business of life. It enquires how he gets his income and how he uses it. Thus, it is on the one side, the study of wealth and on the other and more important side, a part of the study of man. [33]
Macroeconomics is traditionally divided into topics along different time frames: the analysis of short-term fluctuations over the business cycle, the determination of structural levels of variables like inflation and unemployment in the medium (i.e. unaffected by short-term deviations) term, and the study of long-term economic growth.
The study of economics are roughly divided into macroeconomics and microeconomics. [38] Today, the range of fields of study examining the economy revolves around the social science of economics, [ 39 ] [ 40 ] but may also include sociology , [ 41 ] history , [ 42 ] anthropology , [ 43 ] and geography . [ 44 ]
Production theory is the study of production, or the economic process of converting inputs into outputs. [12] Production uses resources to create a good or service that is suitable for use, gift -giving in a gift economy , or exchange in a market economy .
The history of economic thought is the study of the philosophies of the different thinkers and theories in the subjects that later became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day. This field encompasses many disparate schools of economic thought.
Economic history is the study of history using methodological tools from economics or with a special attention to economic phenomena. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods , statistical methods and the application of economic theory to historical situations and institutions .
Monetary economics is the branch of economics that studies the different theories of money: it provides a framework for analyzing money and considers its functions (such as medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account), and it considers how money can gain acceptance purely because of its convenience as a public good. [1]
Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare. Welfare can be defined in terms of well-being, prosperity, and overall state of being.