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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), formerly known as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, [9] is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects. [4] Classically, the four defects are: [ 4 ] pulmonary stenosis , which is narrowing of the exit from the right ventricle;
Tetralogy of Fallot is actually the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart defects, accounting for about 50-70%, as well as about 10% of all congenital heart defects in general. Now, it’s not quite clear why some babies develop TOF but it is associated with chromosome 22 deletions and DiGeorge syndrome.
[3] [12] In about 6 to 19 per 1,000 they cause a moderate to severe degree of problems. [12] Congenital heart defects are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths: [3] in 2015, they resulted in 303,300 deaths, down from 366,000 deaths in 1990. [13] [14] The cause of a congenital heart defect is often unknown. [4]
The most common cause of right-to-left shunt is the Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by four co-existing heart defects. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and outflow tract, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery)
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia
Blue baby syndrome can refer to conditions that cause cyanosis, or blueness of the skin, in babies as a result of low blood oxygen levels. This term traditionally refers to cyanosis as a result of:. [1] Cyanotic heart disease, which is a category of congenital heart defect that lowers blood oxygen levels. [2]
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
English: What is Tetralogy of Fallot? Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart condition characterized by four heart abnormalities—stenosis in the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and aortic override of septal defect. Together, these can cause cyanosis in the newborn.