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Low humidity from air conditioning was found to be the most common cause of physical irritant contact dermatitis. [3] To the lay person a definition of low humidity being a physical irritant can be confusing because low humidity is a deficit (or absence) of an elemental substance, whereas all other irritants implicated in contact dermatitis are in concentrations of relative abundance.
Symptoms of contact dermatitis can include itchy or dry skin, a red rash, bumps, blisters, or swelling. These rashes are not contagious or life-threatening, but can be very uncomfortable. Contact dermatitis results from either exposure to allergens (allergic contact dermatitis), or irritants (irritant contact dermatitis).
Lip licker's dermatitis which is a subtype of irritant contact cheilitis is caused by an exogenous factor rather than an endogenous one. [10] Irritant contact cheilitis can be separated into different reaction types, so it is an umbrella term and further evaluations are usually needed to properly classify the presenting condition.
[1] [2] In the United States, it affects about 10–30% of people. [2] Contact dermatitis is twice as common in females as in males. [11] Allergic contact dermatitis affects about 7% of people at some point in their lives. [12] Irritant contact dermatitis is common, especially among people with certain occupations; exact rates are unclear. [13]
Lip licker's dermatitis, popularly known as perioral dermatitis, in a young male with a lip-licking habit. Note also deep fissures on lips. Counterintuitively, constant licking of the lips causes drying and irritation, and eventually the mucosa splits or cracks. [2] The lips have a greater tendency to dry out in cold, dry weather.
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of contact dermatitis that is the manifestation of an allergic response caused by contact with a substance; the other type being irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Although less common than ICD, ACD is accepted to be the most prevalent form of immunotoxicity found in humans. [1]
Stasis dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, acute irritant contact eczema and infective dermatitis have been documented as possible triggers, but the exact cause and mechanism is not fully understood. [7] Several other types of id reactions exist including erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, Sweet's syndrome and urticaria. [3]
The pathophysiology of perioral dermatitis is related to disease of the hair follicle as is now included in the ICD-11 due to be finalized in 2018. [22] Lip licker's dermatitis or perioral irritant contact dermatitis due to lip-licking is considered a separate disease categorized under irritant contact dermatitis due to saliva. [23]
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