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Global map of global horizontal radiation [5] Global Map of Direct Normal Radiation [5]. There are several measured types of solar irradiance. Total solar irradiance (TSI) is a measure of the solar power over all wavelengths per unit area incident on the Earth's upper atmosphere.
[28] [42] Lockwood and Fröhlich, 2007, found "considerable evidence for solar influence on the Earth's pre-industrial climate and the Sun may well have been a factor in post-industrial climate change in the first half of the last century", but that "over the past 20 years, all the trends in the Sun that could have had an influence on the Earth ...
Illinois averages around 50 days of thunderstorm activity a year which put it somewhat above average for number of thunderstorm days for the United States. Illinois is vulnerable to tornadoes with an average of 54 occurring annually, which puts much of the state at around 9.7 tornadoes per 10,000 square miles (30,000 km 2) annually.
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Illinois' ecology is in a land area of 56,400 square miles (146,000 km 2); the state is 385 miles (620 km) long and 218 miles (351 km) wide and is located between latitude: 36.9540° to 42.4951° N, and longitude: 87.3840° to 91.4244° W, [1] with primarily a humid continental climate.
The following is a list of cities by sunshine duration.Sunshine duration is a climatological indicator, measuring duration of sunshine in given period (usually, a day or a year) for a given location on Earth, typically expressed as an averaged value over several years.
The solar zenith angle is the zenith angle of the sun, i.e., the angle between the sun’s rays and the vertical direction.It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the sun’s rays and a horizontal plane.
For example, when the sun is more than about 60° above the horizon (<30°) the solar intensity is about 1000 W/m 2 (from equation I.1 as shown in the above table), whereas when the sun is only 15° above the horizon (=75°) the solar intensity is still about 600 W/m 2 or 60% of its maximum level; and at only 5° above the horizon still 27% of ...