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In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. [1] Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids . [ 2 ] Most electrophiles are positively charged , have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.
Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with Lewis acids, acyl halides are commonly used as acylating agents. For example, Friedel–Crafts acylation uses acetyl chloride (CH 3 COCl) as the agent and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3) as a catalyst to add an acetyl group to benzene: [2]
The most common Lewis bases are anions. The strength of Lewis basicity correlates with the pK a of the parent acid: acids with high pK a 's give good Lewis bases. As usual, a weaker acid has a stronger conjugate base. Examples of Lewis bases based on the general definition of electron pair donor include: simple anions, such as H − and F −
This compound is a strong electrophile, useful for introducing the triflyl group, CF 3 SO 2. Abbreviated Tf 2 O , triflic anhydride is the acid anhydride of the superacid triflic acid , CF 3 SO 2 OH.
In chemistry, a nucleophilic substitution (S N) is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron-rich chemical species (known as a nucleophile) replaces a functional group within another electron-deficient molecule (known as the electrophile). The molecule that contains the electrophile and the leaving functional group is called the ...
St. Patrick's Day is just around the corner, so we've got 31 quotes about luck--making your own, being ready when it arrives, even bemoaning its absence--from quotable people ranging from Marc ...
The spiritual meaning behind seeing two of them is that you should take a closer look at your relationships. "Two has a highly intuitive meaning, it is the most relationship-focused number ...
In acid-catalyzed Fischer esterification, the proton binds to oxygens and functions as a Lewis acid to activate the ester carbonyl (top row) as an electrophile, and converts the hydroxyl into the good leaving group water (bottom left). Both lower the kinetic barrier and speed up the attainment of chemical equilibrium.