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Throughout most of the 19th century Britain was the most powerful country in the world. [16] The period from 1815 to 1914, known as the Pax Britannica, was a time of relatively peaceful relations between the world's great powers. This is particularly true of Britain's interactions with the others. [17]
Literacy rates were generally higher in Scotland throughout much of the 19th century but the gap between the nations of Great Britain had closed by the century's end. By 1900, only around 3% of people in England and Wales were illiterate with a similar rate in Scotland. [83]
In the 19th century, approximately 70 million people left Europe, with most migrating to the United States. [10] The 19th century also saw the rapid creation, development, and codification of many sports, particularly in Britain and the United States.
This is a non-diffusing parent category of Category:19th-century British Jews and Category:19th-century British LGBTQ people and Category:19th-century British women The contents of these subcategories can also be found within this category, or in diffusing subcategories of it.
The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo-Saxons , a collection of various Germanic peoples , established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in present-day England and parts of southern Scotland . [ 3 ]
England remained an example of a country whose territorial administration relied solely on local government bodies until the end of the 19th century. They had broad powers and evolved towards decentralization. In the 19th century, local government reforms were carried out. [g] [14] The first stage, initiated between 1832 and 1835, concerned ...
In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room." [17] Significant changes happened in the British Poor Law system in England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. These included a large expansion in workhouses (or poorhouses in Scotland), although with changing populations during the era.
Factors that historians note spurred innovation and discovery include the 17th century Scientific Revolution and the 18th/19th century Industrial Revolution. [1] [2] Another possible influence is the British patent system which had medieval origins and was codified with the Patent Act of 1852. [3]