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Toggle the table of contents. ... where is the orbital inclination, is the ... The exact height of a satellite in a Molniya orbit varies between missions, but a ...
In the early 1960s, when Europe and America were establishing geostationary communication satellites, the Russians found these orbits unsuitable. [6] They were limited in the amount of rocket power available and it is extremely energy intensive to both launch a satellite to 40,000 km, and change its inclination to be over the equator, especially when launched from Russia.
For Earth orbiting satellites below the height of about 800 km, the atmospheric drag is the major orbit perturbing force out of all non-gravitational forces. [11] Above 800 km, solar radiation pressure causes the largest orbital perturbations. [12]
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth.Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits, named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits.
Maiden flight of Diamant B, the first orbital launch from Kourou and South America in general 13 March: Voskhod: Site 43/4, Plesetsk: Kosmos 326 (Zenit-2 #80) GRU Low Earth Orbit Reconnaissance: In orbit: Successful 17 March: Vostok-2M: Site 41/1, Plesetsk: Meteor-1 3 Low Earth Orbit Meteorology: In orbit: Successful 18 March: Kosmos-2: Site ...
Molniya 1 (Russian: Молния-1) is the first Soviet communications satellite. A total of 5 experimental devices were launched to create a long-distance radio communication line between Moscow and Vladivostok .
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; SPARTAN deployed from Discovery on 11 April and retrieved on 13 April 16 April 07:49 Tsyklon-3: Plesetsk VKS Kosmos 2242 MO RF Low Earth ELINT: In orbit: Operational 21 April 00:23 Molniya-M Plesetsk Site 43/4 VKS Molniya 3-57L: MOM Molniya Communications: 25 January 2004: Successful 25 April 13:56 ...
Meridian (Russian: Меридиан) is a family of telecommunications satellites for civil and military use developed by Russia in the 2000s, placed in a Molniya Orbit, and intended to replace the two last series of Molniya satellites still in activity, as well as the old Parus satellites. The first launch took place on 24 December 2006 ...