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While dialects of the early ancestors of Slovaks were divided into West Slavic (western and eastern Slovakia) and non-West Slavic (central Slovakia), between the 8th and 9th centuries both dialects merged, thus laying the foundations of a later Slovak language. The 10th century is a milestone in the Slovak ethnogenesis. [17]
The Slavic languages, also known as the Slavonic languages, are Indo-European languages spoken primarily by the Slavic peoples and their descendants. They are thought to descend from a proto-language called Proto-Slavic, spoken during the Early Middle Ages, which in turn is thought to have descended from the earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic language, linking the Slavic languages to the Baltic ...
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and Northern Asia, though there is a large Slavic minority scattered across the Baltic states and Central Asia, [1] [2] and a substantial Slavic diaspora in the ...
Slovak preserved a difference between dz/z (from Proto-Slavic */dj/ */gtj/), i.e. medźa (medza, a boundary), vítäź (víťaz, an elite warrior, a winner) whereas both phonemes were transformed to ź in old Czech and dź in old Polish. [6] Contrary to Czech, a vowel mutation from à to e did not occur in Slovak, [13] i.e. ulica vs. Czech ...
Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of very high mutual intelligibility, [18] as well as Polish. [19] Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin [20] and German, [21] as well as other ...
The East Slavic languages instead underwent a process known as pleophony: a copy of the vowel before the liquid consonant was inserted after it. However, *el became *olo rather than *ele. The situation in West Slavic is more mixed. Czech and Slovak follow the South Slavic pattern and have metathesis with lengthening.
Some linguists include Upper and Lower Sorbian in the Lechitic branch, but other linguists regard it as a separate branch. [5] The reason for this is that 'the Sorbian dialects are extremely diverse, and there are virtually no linguistic features common to all Sorbian dialects which distinguish them as a group from the other Slavic languages' (Sussex & Cubberley 2006). [5]
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. [1] [2] They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. [1] The West Slavic languages diversified into their historically attested forms over the 10th to 14th centuries. [3]