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2. Electric vehicle battery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle_battery

   Although battery life span can be extended by enabling a second-life application, ultimately EV batteries need to be recycled. Recyclability is not currently an important design consideration for battery manufacturers, and in 2019 only 5% of electric vehicle batteries were recycled. [54] However, closing the loop is extremely important.

3. Nickel–metal hydride battery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel–metal_hydride_battery

   GM Ovonic NiMH Battery Module. NiMH batteries were frequently used in prior-generation electric and hybrid-electric vehicles; as of 2020 they have been superseded almost entirely by lithium-ion batteries in all-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, but they remain in use in some hybrid vehicles (2020 Toyota Highlander, for example). [42]

4. Lithium iron phosphate battery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery

   The specific energy of LFP batteries is lower than that of other common lithium-ion battery types such as nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) and nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA). As of 2024, the specific energy of CATL's LFP battery is claimed to be 205 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) on the cell level. [13] BYD's LFP battery specific energy is 150 Wh ...

5. Health and environmental effects of battery electric cars

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_and_environmental...

   Current retirement criteria for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles cite 80% capacity for end-of-first-life, and 65% capacity for end-of-second-life. [66] The first-life defines the lifespan of the battery's intended use, while the second-life defines the lifespan of the battery's subsequent use-case.

6. Sodium-ion battery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-ion_battery

   By 2025, around 30 different hybrid vehicle models are expected to be equipped with this pack. [81] On November 18th 2024, CATL announced its second generation sodium-ion battery to be released in 2025 and reach mass market by 2027. The battery is expected to be able to be discharged normally at temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F). [82]

7. Lithium hybrid organic battery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hybrid_organic_battery

   Lithium hybrid organic batteries are an energy storage device that combines lithium with an organic polymer. For example, polyaniline vanadium (V) oxide (PAni/V 2 O 5) can be incorporated into the nitroxide-polymer lithium iron phosphate battery, PTMA/LiFePO 4. Together, they improve the lithium ion intercalation capacity, cycle life ...