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The major deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon were believed to participate in the "assembly of the gods", [6] through which the gods made all of their decisions. [6] This assembly was seen as a divine counterpart to the semi-democratic legislative system that existed during the Third Dynasty of Ur ( c. 2112 BC – c. 2004 BC).
Dingir π , usually transliterated DIΔIR, [1] (Sumerian pronunciation:) is a Sumerian word for 'god' or 'goddess'. Its cuneiform sign is most commonly employed as the determinative for religious names and related concepts, in which case it is not pronounced and is conventionally transliterated as a superscript d , e.g. d Inanna .
Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the Underworld by galla demons Devotional scene, with Temple. The Sumerian afterlife was a dark, dreary cavern located deep below the ground, [ 22 ] [ 23 ] where inhabitants were believed to continue "a shadowy version of life on earth". [ 22 ]
Anu (Akkadian: πππ‘ ANU, from π an "Sky", "Heaven") or Anum, originally An (Sumerian: π An), [10] was the divine personification of the sky, king of the gods, and ancestor of many of the deities in ancient Mesopotamian religion. He was regarded as a source of both divine and human kingship, and opens the enumerations of deities in ...
Enlil, [a] later known as Elil and Ellil, is an ancient Mesopotamian god associated with wind, air, earth, and storms. [4] He is first attested as the chief deity of the Sumerian pantheon, [5] but he was later worshipped by the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Hurrians.
Enki (Sumerian: πππ D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: πππ) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion.
The sun god was one of the principal deities of the Mesopotamian pantheon. [13] In the Early Dynastic god list from Fara, he is the sixth among the deities listed, after Anu, Enlil, Inanna, Enki and Nanna. [14] In later god lists, for example in An = Anum, he and his circle appears between Nanna (Sin) and Ishkur (Adad). [14]
Nergal (Sumerian: ππππ² [1] d KIŠ.UNU or d GÌR.UNU.GAL; [2] Hebrew: Χ Φ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΦ·Χ, Modern: Nergal, Tiberian: NΔrgal; Aramaic: ά’άΈάͺάά²ά ; [3] Latin: Nirgal) was a Mesopotamian god worshiped through all periods of Mesopotamian history, from Early Dynastic to Neo-Babylonian times, with a few attestations indicating that his cult survived into the period of Achaemenid domination.