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The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6569-7. Hacking, Ian (2006). The Emergence of Probability (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86655-2. Hald, Anders (2003). A History of Probability and Statistics and Their Applications ...
This list contains only probabilists in the sense of mathematicians specializing in probability theory. David Aldous (born 1952) Siva Athreya (born 1971) Thomas Bayes (1702–1761) - British mathematician and Presbyterian minister, known for Bayes' theorem; Gerard Ben-Arous (born 1957) - Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Itai Benjamini
1654 – Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat create the mathematical theory of probability, 1657 – Chistiaan Huygens's De ratiociniis in ludo aleae is the first book on mathematical probability, 1662 – John Graunt's Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality makes inferences from statistical data on deaths in London,
John Ross writes, "Probability theory and the discoveries following it changed the way we regard uncertainty, risk, decision-making, and an individual's and society's ability to influence the course of future events." [22] Pascal, in the Pensées, used a probabilistic argument, Pascal's wager, to justify belief in God and a virtuous life ...
Probability is the branch of mathematics and statistics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an event is to occur. [note 1] [1] [2] A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the ...
Probability is the ratio of the "favored events" to the total possible events. ... But Laplace, who had discovered them by a deep analysis, ...
Jacob Bernoulli also discovered a general method to determine evolutes of a curve as the envelope of its circles of curvature. He also investigated caustic curves and in particular he studied these associated curves of the parabola, the logarithmic spiral and epicycloids around 1692.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 November 2024. German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist (1777–1855) "Gauss" redirects here. For other uses, see Gauss (disambiguation). Carl Friedrich Gauss Portrait by Christian Albrecht Jensen, 1840 (copy from Gottlieb Biermann, 1887) Born Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-04-30 ...